Who’s at Risk?
Who’s at risk for AMD?
Risk factors
There are several factors that can help determine your risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Some, such as age or family history, are non-modifiable, which means you can’t change them. Other risk factors, involving lifestyle and behaviour choices, are considered modifiable, and these you have control over.
Am I at risk for AMD?
• The prevalence of AMD increases with age
• Having a family history of AMD
• Women or those assigned female at birth are at increased risk for AMD
• AMD occurs more frequently in Caucasians
Modifiable risks
Risks you may be able to control include:
Smoking: Smokers have up to three to four times the risk of developing AMD than non-smokers.
Diet: Studies have shown that increased intake of a variety of healthy foods may alter the risk of developing AMD. More studies confirm that a high intake of fruits may reduce the risk of AMD and diets rich in carotenoids such as lutein and zeaxanthin (dark green leafy vegetables) may also lower the risk.
Excessive sunlight exposure: The link between sun exposure, specifically blue wavelengths, and cellular damage, suggests that sunlight might damage the macula and be a cause of AMD. While studies are still inconclusive, eye care professionals may recommend protecting the eyes with sunglasses.
High fat, processed "junk" food: High consumption of linoleic acid, monounsaturated oils, and polyunsaturated oils—fats commonly found in processed foods—is associated with the risk of developing wet AMD.
High blood pressure: Studies suggest that hypertension may contribute to AMD.
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